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As a highly efficient power conversion device, the design and manufacture of the core components of the hydraulic piston motor directly affect the overall performance and reliability. Among the many key components, the cylinder block and piston assembly, crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism, oil distribution plate and oil inlet and outlet, sealing assembly, and lubrication and cooling system each play an indispensable role.
As the main structure of the hydraulic piston motor, the cylinder block is usually made of high-strength alloy steel or cast iron to ensure that it has sufficient strength and wear resistance during the impact of high-pressure liquid and the reciprocating motion of the piston. The inner wall of the cylinder is precisely machined to achieve the best matching clearance between the cylinder and the piston, thereby effectively reducing leakage and friction loss. The piston assembly consists of the piston body, piston ring and guide sleeve. The piston body is connected to the crankshaft through a connecting rod to efficiently convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. The piston ring is designed to ensure sealing performance and prevent high-pressure liquid from leaking through the gap between the cylinder block and the piston, while the guide sleeve ensures the linear reciprocating motion of the piston in the cylinder block to avoid damage to it and the cylinder block caused by lateral forces.
The crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism are the key to achieving power conversion in hydraulic piston motors. The design of the crankshaft is usually made of high-strength alloy steel, which has the ability to withstand huge torque and bending stress. The crankshaft is equipped with a connecting rod journal, which is connected to the connecting rod big end hole to ensure that the reciprocating motion of the piston can be accurately transmitted to the crankshaft. The connecting rod mechanism consists of the connecting rod body, the connecting rod big end and the small end bearing, which together ensure the efficient transmission of motion between the piston and the crankshaft. The connecting rod small end bearing is connected to the piston through the piston pin, converting the linear motion of the piston into the swing of the connecting rod, and finally realizing the rotational motion through the crankshaft.
The oil distribution plate plays a vital role in the hydraulic piston motor. Its main function is to control the flow direction and flow of hydraulic oil. Usually, the oil distribution plate is made of high-strength wear-resistant materials to resist the scouring and wear of high-pressure liquids. Its design includes channels such as the oil inlet, oil outlet and oil return port, and precision machining ensures that the hydraulic oil flows along the predetermined path in the cylinder. The inlet and outlet ports are usually located on both sides of the oil distribution plate, connected to the hydraulic pump and oil tank through oil pipes to form a complete hydraulic system. The oil return port is responsible for returning the low-pressure liquid to the oil tank, thereby maintaining the stable operation of the hydraulic system.
The sealing components are the key to preventing liquid leakage, usually including piston rings, oil seals and O-rings. These components are installed in key parts such as pistons, crankshafts, connecting rods and oil distribution plates. Their material selection and structural design are crucial. They must be able to withstand the impact and wear of high-pressure liquids while maintaining excellent elasticity and sealing performance. By rationally designing the sealing components, the leakage of hydraulic piston motors can be significantly reduced, thereby improving volumetric efficiency and mechanical efficiency.
Finally, the lubrication and cooling system is the basis for ensuring the long-term and stable operation of hydraulic piston motors. Since a lot of heat and friction and wear will be generated during the working process, an effective lubrication and cooling system must be configured. The lubrication system lubricates and cools the moving parts by injecting lubricating oil or hydraulic oil, while the cooling system uses heat sinks, fans or water cooling devices to effectively dissipate the heat generated by the motor and keep the working temperature within a reasonable range. A good lubrication and cooling system can not only significantly extend the service life of the hydraulic piston motor, but also improve its working efficiency.
